Allergic rhinitis—commonly known as hay fever—is a condition that presents with symptoms similar to the common cold. It is an allergic reaction that occurs as the immune system responds to various triggers such as pollens, mites, dust, and animal dander.

It may be seasonal or persist throughout the year. Allergic rhinitis caused by pollens is typically seen seasonally, whereas cases triggered by house dust mites, mold, or animal dander can produce symptoms year-round.

Common symptoms include runny nose, nasal congestion, frequent sneezing, itchy, watery, and red eyes, post-nasal drip, cough, and itching of the nose, throat, and palate.

Complications related to allergic rhinitis can include middle ear infections (otitis media), fluid accumulation in the middle ear (effusion), enlarged adenoids, and sleep disturbances; these problems may be recurrent.

The most important diagnostic tool is a thorough evaluation of the patient’s medical history. When necessary, tests your physician may order—such as serum total IgE, specific IgE, allergen-directed skin prick tests, and assessment of nasal and peripheral eosinophilia—can support the diagnosis.

The first step in treatment is avoiding triggering factors. If symptoms persist, you should be examined, and when indicated, use the medications prescribed by your physician for the recommended duration.

In cases that cannot be controlled despite allergen avoidance and adequate pharmacotherapy, allergen-specific immunotherapy may be administered.